This LawMindMap covers key issues in the topic including: 

• Principal and joint principal
• Secondary participant
• Counselling
• Encouraging / abetting
• Aiding / helping
• Procuring
• Defences
• Mens rea of secondary participants
• Omission
• Principal's acquittal and secondary party's liability
• Defences
• Joint enterprise
• Liability for principal's act in joint enterprise
• Murder
• Use of weapons
• Level of violence
• Types of reasonable withdrawals